Standard Height of Window from Floor Level To the base of the window from the floor level up, the height is known as the sill level of the window. It is the bottom or lowermost horizontal part of the window. According to the constructions from the floor level, the standard height of the windows is…
Properties of Stones The following properties of the stones should be looked into before selecting them for engineering works: Structure. Texture. Density. Appearance. Strength. Hardness. Percentage Wear. Porosity and Absorption. Weathering. Toughness. Resistance to Fire. Ease in Dressing. Seasoning. 1. Properties of Stones: Structure The structure of the stone may be stratified (layered) or unstratified….
What Is Azimuths Surveying? Azimuths are defined as horizontal angles that are measured from the reference meridian in a clockwise direction. Azimuths are also called whole circle bearing systems (W.C.B). Azimuths are used in compass surveying, and plane surveying, where it is generally measured from the north. Also Read: Types of Bearing Capacity Failures of Foundation…
Falsework Means The temporary structure is used to support a permanent structure, material, plant, equipment, and people until the construction of the permanent structure has advanced to the stage where it is self-supporting. Falsework includes the foundations, footings, and all structural members supporting the permanent structural elements. Falsework can be used to support formwork for…
Alignment of Road: Alignment is the center line position of the highway on the ground; it is also termed highway alignment. The alignment guides the good pass of the road through the right Alignment, which is the most economical and easy to construct. There are mainly two types of alignment- Horizontal Alignment: It includes a…
What Is Mortar? The term mortar is used to indicate a paste prepared by adding the required quantity of water into a mixture of binding material (cement or lime) and fine aggregate (sand). The above two elements of mortar, namely, the binding material and fine aggregate, are sometimes referred to as the matrix and adulterant,…
Introduction of Indian Road India is a very vast country and where the economic development of the country mainly depends upon its Transportation. The road is one of the most important modes of transport in India. Road plays a very crucial role in the overall development of the country. The Road network of India is…
Introduction to Levelling Levelling is one of the most important parts of surveying before starting the construction of roads, dams, or any other structures. It is a branch of surveying which deals with the measurement of the elevation of the point with respect to the datum level above or below the surface of the ground….
What Is Dressing of Stone? Dressing of stone is a process of providing a proper shape, size and smooth finish to the rough-surfaced broken stone which is collected from a quarry. This process is done by either hand tools or machinery. Hand tools are used as a pickaxe, chisel etc. The stone dressing process is…
What Is Injection Grouting? Injection Grouting is defined as the process of filling the cracks, and voids under pressure in the structural members for repairing the cracks and strengthening the damaged or deteriorated masonry structures. In the process of grouting, the cracks and the voids are get filled with the help of grouting material which…