What Is Weirs? Weir is characterised as a barrier through which water flows into an open channel. The edge or surface on which the water runs is called the crest. The overflowing water layer is the water table. If the nappe is discharged into the air, the weir gets a free discharge. If the discharge … Read more
Types of Cement and Their Use Mainly cement is classified into two categories based on setting time and hardening; those categories and uses are written below: Also Read: How to Calculate Quantity of Material For Plaster | Measurement of Plastering Quantities | Material for 20 mm Thick Plastering in Wall for 100 Sq.m.
What Is Mortar? Mortar is a mixture in varying proportions of binding material like cement or lime and an inert material like sand or surkhi (crushed burnt brick) or crushed stone mixed with water. According to requirement, definite quantities of cementing material, sand, or surkhi, and water is added and thoroughly mixed to make a … Read more
Bearing Capacity Definitions Bearing capacity: It is the loading capacity of the soil. Ultimate bearing capacity (qu): That is the least gross pressure that will result in the shear collapse of the supporting soil directly below the foundation. Net ultimate bearing power (qun): it is the net strain that can be added to the foundation … Read more
Introduction of Mat Foundation Vs Spread Footing Mat foundation is also called a raft foundation. Generally, it is a continuous slab laying on the soil on which all the columns and beams of the structure are constructed. By the mat foundation, all load of the building or structure is transferred to the soil. Where the … Read more
What Is Frost Wall? The Frost wall or frost-protected wall structure is built to keep soil below the building against freezing to secure the foundations in freezing conditions. The Types of frost walls, their specifications, and applications are addressed. The frosting is a significant problem for buildings in colder climates. These undesirable results are more … Read more
Introduction of Calculate Steel in Rcc Slab The slab is one of the most important structural elements in the construction of buildings. Many of us are confused that how to calculate steel in RCC slab. In this article, we will get to know about the step-by-step procedure to calculate steel in RCC slab. A slab … Read more
What Is Vacuum Concrete? Vacuum concrete is that type of concrete where the extra water is removed for increasing the strength of concrete. A small part of concreting part is constructing by vacuum concrete of slab and walls; then, we need to maintain the water-cement ratio 0.5-0.65. If we remove the excess water and air … Read more
What Is Inverted Arch Footing? The Inverted Arch Footing is built in areas where the carrying or bearing capacity of the soil is very low and the load of the building is concentrated on the walls and digging is not possible. This is not a typical type of foundation. Inverted Arch Footing is built between … Read more
Introduction of Structural Loads Structural analysis is a salient feature of a design of buildings as structural loads can typically cause stress, deformation, and displacement which might result in structural failure. What Are Structural Loads? Loads are generally the forces that can cause stresses, deformations, or accelerations. There are an ample range of distinct kinds … Read more
Definition of Kelly Clamp Kelly clamp is defined as a vertically movable pinch clamp fastened to a graduated stick to allow the interpretation of the penetration depth of the kelly ball. These are clamped only at top of the device prior to the experiment then dropped to interact with the edge of the tower until the … Read more
What Is a Concrete Surface Retarder? Surface retarders, also know surface “deactivators,” are applied to fresh concrete to chemically delay the set of the surface mortar. Unlike concrete set retarders, they allow the rest of the concrete to cure normally, without affecting the setting rate or strength gain. Because surface retarders work their magic by … Read more
What Is Pier? These Piers provide vertical supports for spans at intermediate of different points and perform both main functions: transferring vertical superstructure loads to the foundations and resisting horizontal forces acting on this bridge. Although piers are designed to resist vertical loads, it is becoming common to design piers to resist high lateral loads … Read more
Structural Audit Definition Structural Audit can be defined as a very important approach to understanding the distress level or condition of any existing civil engineering structure or a building. The initially specialized technique used to inspect a building or a civil engineering structure to evaluate its general health is known as Structural Audit. Doing a … Read more
Introduction of a Suspension Bridge Suspension bridges are one of the most popular choices in Bridge construction nowadays, due to the numerous advantages a suspension bridge provides over other bridge structures. As the name indicates, a suspension bridge is the one in which the bridge deck slab suspends between two towers, or in other words, … Read more
What Is Cantilever? Cantilever is basically a structural element that extends horizontally and has supported at only one end. The cantilever is the structures that are fixed at one end and free at another end. Cantilever structures are widely used in the construction of cantilever bridges, cantilever slab, and balconies. The best example of the … Read more
Kerbs In Roads The top of the kerbs should be 100 mm above the road surface. With the pavement, the kerb is laid on a concrete bed of at least 100 mm thickness. At least 150 mm to provide lateral support the kerbing should be provided. To the concrete level, kerbs can be tapped. the … Read more
What Is Concrete Resurfacing? Concrete resurfacing is the process to provide a brand new look to damaged concrete. In the process of resurfacing of concrete, a concrete coating is applied on the surface of existing concrete. Concrete resurfacing is a time-consuming process, and it’s very much labour-intensive process so, it’s a little bit expensive … Read more
What Is Cinder Block? Cinder blocks are totally different from concrete blocks. Concrete and cinder blocks are made from the same basic components; however, there is a special key component for cinder blocks created for various functions. Cinder blocks are also made of concrete, however, the mixture includes coal ash. Concrete blocks are lighter than … Read more
What Is Self Compact Concrete? Making concrete structures without vibration has been done in the past. For example, the placement of concrete under-water is done by the use of tremie without vibration. Shaft concrete and mass concrete may be successfully placed without vibration. But the above examples of concrete are normally of lower strength and … Read more
Requirements of Good DPC Here, the list of requirements of a good DPC are as follows. Totally impervious and should not allow travel of dampness. Durable and keep the building damp-proof permanently. Economical and easy in laying. Able to resist load to which it is subject. Accommodate some structural movement without fracture. Prevention of Dampness … Read more
What Is Pedestal? The term “Pedestal”, so far in the Civil Engineering field is concerned, is a compressive structural member which is provided in between the footing and column, in order to transfer the load uniformly into the footing. In early times, the pedestals were not much in use. It is later found out, when … Read more
What Is Bleeding In Concrete? Bleeding in concrete is sometimes referred to as water gain. This is a special form of separation, in which some water from the concrete flows to the surface of the concrete, with the lowest specific gravity among all concrete components. Excessive bleeding is seen in thin members such as roof … Read more
What Is Fresh Concrete? When concrete is its plastic state, it is known as fresh concrete. Fresh concrete can be easily molded to a durable structural member. It can be prepared on the spot and may give a wide range of properties from easily available raw materials. Properties of Fresh Concrete Workability. Temperature. Water Cement … Read more
What Is Slump Cone Test? A Slump cone test or concrete Slump test is to determine the workability or consistency of the concrete mixture prepared in the laboratory or at the construction site during the course of work. A concrete Slump test is performed from batch to batch to check the uniform quality of the … Read more
What Is Foundation Repair? Foundation renovation is required when the foundation of a home, building, or structure is impaired & the core structure of the building is required to be repaired. Foundation Techniques 1. Sealants & Masonry Patches Cracks are required to be identified & renovated as early as possible by patching & sheathing with … Read more
Foundation in Civil Engineering In engineering, a foundation is the element of a structure which connects it to the ground and transfers loads from the structure to the ground. Foundation engineering is the application of soil mechanics and rock mechanics (Geotechnical engineering) in the design of foundation elements of structures. What Is Foundation? In the … Read more
Introduction of Concreting in Construction Concrete is most frequently used man-made construction material in the world and is second only to water as the most used substance on Earth. It’s obtained by mixing cementing materials, water, and aggregates, and at times admixtures, (shown in as per below figure) in required proportions. The mix, when put … Read more
How Is Concrete Made? Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time. When aggregate is mixed with dry cement and water, the mixture forms a fluid slurry that is easily poured and moulded into shape. What Is a Concrete? … Read more
What is Waffle Slab? Slabs required supports which is given in the form of columns so that the load coming on the slab can be transmitted through it at the foundation. But sometimes the columns act as an obstruction where longer space is required. In the Construction of auditorium, Large seminar halls and Airports required … Read more
What is a Shear Wall? Shear wall is a structural member used to resist lateral forces, i.e., parallel to the plane of the wall. In other words, Shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system. Shear wall is a structural member in a reinforced concrete framed structure to resist lateral forces such … Read more
Introduction of Flagstone Flagstone is the extreme flagstone lead describing and clarifying your choices when it comes to selecting flagstone, providing what it needs. There is being very attractive about logical substances. Wood flooring is my favorite flooring substance. Such natural stone is widespread for several indoor and outdoor sections of a house. In this … Read more
What Is Hempcrete? Hempcrete is a bio-composite that is made from the inner wood core of the hemp plant and mixed with the lime and other natural materials. It is also known as hemp-concrete. Hemp is a plant that grown without any use of plant protection chemicals. It required a very little amount of water and it will also … Read more
What Is Singly Beam? A singly beam is the beam which is provided with longitudinal reinforcement in the tension zone. Compressive forces are handled by the concrete section in the beam. What Is Doubly Beam? The beams reinforced with steel in compression and tension zones are known as doubly reinforced beams. This kind of beam will be found … Read more
What is Formwork (Shuttering)? Formwork is basically a kind of temporary mould of fresh concrete which is employed in construction for giving or casting desired structural shape & support by pouring concrete within the mold. Once the concrete achieved optimum initial strength, the formwork is practically removed although sometimes it may be left in situ (permanent formwork). … Read more
What is Ferrocement? Ferrocement is a substance of wire meshes & cement mortar. It was 1st developed by P.L.Nervi, an Italian architect in 1940. This material has obtained widespread application in construction during the last 20 years. Ferrocement is a versatile sort of composite substance manufactured from OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) & layers of steel wire … Read more
What Is AAC Block? The full form of AAC block is autoclaved aerated concrete. For producing concrete masonry units like blocks it is a precast, lightweight form of concrete building materials. The composition of AAC blocks is calcined gypsum, quartz sand, lime, cement, aluminum powder, and water. In an autoclave, AAC blocks are cured under … Read more
Material Required for Construction Of WBM Road The term macadam at the present time means road surfaces and bases that form crushed or broken aggregates, cemented together by rolling and water action. WBM road binding action is achieved by the screening of the stone used as a filler in the presence of water. The construction … Read more
What is Veneer? In woodworking, veneer refers to small pieces of wood and sometimes bark, usually less than 3 mm (1/8 inch), usually attached to core panels (usually, wood, particle board or medium-grade fiberboard). producing wide panels such as doors, tops and cabinet panels, floor sections and furniture. They are also used in marriage. Plywood … Read more
What Is Concrete Blocks? Concrete blocks are commonly used in the design of buildings. It is less expensive than the other types of partition walls. Concrete blocks have a relatively decent structure, and the possibility of mistake during development is small. Furthermore, it has sufficient power to be used as a load-bearing wall. Furthermore, the … Read more
What Is Grade on Slab? Grade on the slab is a special type of slab which is constructed on the earth soil. This type of slab is constructed to support the walls and other structural elements. The construction of grade on slab is the place of ground level. In grade on the slab, it does … Read more
What Is Shell Structure? The structure that retains their size and support load, even without frame or solid mass material inside is called shell structure. A shell is a building that is hollow from within, these shell components are usually bent and formed into a massive frame, they are lightweight constructions using shell elements. A … Read more
Standard Brick Size & Dimensions (Inches & Mm) Standard Brick Sizes in England The majority of bricks in the United kingdom are manufactured to a regular brick scale of 215 mm long, 102.5 mm wide, about 65 mm high ( 215 mm x 102.5 mm x 65 mm) as well as placed with a minimal … Read more
Introduction of Rate Analysis for Concrete 1st Step – estimation of labour, materials, equipments & miscellaneous items 2nd Step– check the component of structure to which the RCC rate analysis is needed, Data required for RCC Rate Analysis Step 1: Estimation of Materials Principal Components are: cement, sand, coarse aggregate & steel. Let mix design is M20 … Read more
Reinforced Concrete Frame Reinforced concrete frames comprise of flat components (beams) and vertical components (columns) associated by rigid joints. These designs are projected solidly that is, beams and columns are projected in a solitary activity to act as one. RC frames give protection from both gravity and horizontal burdens through bowing in beams and columns. … Read more
OPC vs PPC Some Advantages that we get while using OPC in construction sites are. Ordinary Portland cement produces a highly durable and solid sound due to the very low percentage of alkali, chloride, magnesia, and free lime in its composition. In hostile environments there is almost negligible chloride that are present in Ordinary Portland … Read more
Introduction of Contractors Three major parties are committed to each construction design: the holder, the contractor, and the operating company. A construction contractor is consistently reliable for planning and related construction activity and ensuring that the design is finalized on time and within the funding. There are various contractors for each type of work because … Read more
What Is Workability? Workability is an essential property of concrete that is related to compaction as well as power. The optimal workability varies depending on the grade of concrete. Rather than mass concreting, a thin inaccessible portion or highly reinforced section with greater workability is desired. As a result, we cannot create workability standards for various … Read more
What Is Lintel? To support the load from the structure above from the building, the lintel is a beam that is placed across the openings like windows, doors, etc. To the width of a wall, the width of the lintel beam is equal, and the lintel beam is end to the end of the walls. … Read more
What Is Grouting To increase the load-bearing capacity of the concrete, masonry structure, rock mass, or soil the materials are injecting into the cracks or cavities is known as grouting and the material that is used for grouting is called grout. As a grout to fill the gaps a mixture of cement, sand, water or … Read more
What Is Grade of Concrete By the composition and strength of the concrete, the grades of concrete are defining. For the initial construction, the minimum strength of concrete should have followed at 28 days. The grade of concrete is expressed in the measurement MPa. Where the M is stand for mix and the MPa expressed … Read more
What Is Mortar? Mortar is an aggregate paste made by sand, cement (binding material) & water or by lime, surkhi & water. Sand & surkhi give strength to the mortar. The brawn of mortar diminishes as quantity of sand surges. A blend of Cement: Sand= 1:3 is best. Water required for a far better result … Read more
What Is Plum Concrete? Plum concrete is created mostly by the participation of large and medium rocks of usual size to 300mm or perhaps even greater as filling. It’s being used to improve the evident yielding of concrete for a provided weight of the cement that is to prevent utilizing an excessive quantity of concrete … Read more