Civil

How to Fix Damaged Roof Shingles? There are have many steps for the fix to damaged roof shingles that’s are below- At first, we have to slip the pry under the damaged shingle, after that the roofing nail pressed down to pop out. Next, the new shingle slides up into place, and with the shingles…

How to Reduce Construction Cost ( Tips) By flowing some steps we can reduce the cost of the construction that is described below. 1. Selection of Plot First, we have to select a perfect plot for our structure. When we select a plot for our structure, we have to keep in mind that the selected…

How to Improve Your Indoor Air Quality at Home? When outside air corruption offers a treat, it must be simple to ignore which the exclusive of the air you inhale at your house is necessary. As stated by the EPA (Environmental protection agency), the rate of air damage inside may not go up to 100…

Introduction of Green Concrete In the history of the concrete world, green concrete is a revolution topic in Denmark; it was first invented in 1998. With the color green concrete has nothing to do. In the conventional concrete green concrete is the most usable concrete, for production of this type of concrete less type of…

What is Earthmoving Equipment? As the name might suggest, earth-moving equipment generally refers to any piece of heavy machinery that can move and grade soil and rock. In addition to construction work, they are also used for materials handling, demolition, mining, and any other industry that requires more power than can be provided by humans….

How to Prevent Home Theft (Tips) Home theft is a common problem in recent times, so there are some easy & common ways to prevent home theft, those are in the following. Secure the Doors & Windows Upgrade Door Lock Installation of Home Security System Try to Hide Your Valuable Things Installation of Outdoor Lighting…

What Is a Sink? A sink is known by many names like washing basin, washing bowl, and hand basin. Some people just call it simply basin. Sinks are usually a bowl-shaped feature for washing hands and washing dishes and pots. A tap is attached to the sink to allow the water to come. The water…

Land Moving Equipment For excavation purposes, earthwork, grading of soil, rock etc. Land-moving equipment are commonly used and are indispensable. They help to speed the earthwork, materials handling, and other construction work. Some commonly used land moving equipment are listed below 1. Conveyors One of the most commonly used vehicles to move materials from one…

Types of Renewable Energy Resources In all over the world, scientists have found six number of renewable energy resources, which are ready to use for commercial and industrial purposes, those are in the following- 1. Solar Energy Solar energy is the primary and one of the best renewable energy resources among all other types of…

What Is Site Preparation? Site preparation affects many works such as destruction of old alive design, the gap of construction sites, below ground benefit and wire checking, place attentive and pismire service before building career begins. Building site preparation needs deafening, drilling, balancing, disposal area, land drainage, and other things. Construction site preparation activity will…

How to Remove Stains from Wood? If you’re renewing your wood products or apparatus, you must remove old wood product stains from the wood. Separating wood stains can be difficult. Later it consumes the seed of the wood and paints with another cast. You can significantly decrease the look of wood stain by applying a…

What Is Pipe Fittings? Pipe fittings are the process where we divert the flow of the water by using piping components like tees, elbows, etc. In pipe fittings, we change the pipe sizes by using reducing tees, reducers, etc. Here, we use coupling to connect the flow of water and caps to stop the water….

How to Kill Tree Roots? If it is not necessary then you do not kill the tree roots, because after cutting the tree roots the tree also shall be killed. That also leaves a huge effect on the atmosphere. But sometimes we have to kill the roots because they can destroy our home walls, foundations, floor,…

What Is Damp Proof Course? The damp proof course is an important layer for all walls of the building that is provided near the ground in the wall to prevent dampness of the walls. In the properties of which there has no provided damp protection layer, that may be affected by excess moisture rising from…

What Is GIS In Surveying? GIS stands for a geographic information system. An information system is a computer program that manages data. A GIS is a type of information system that deals specifically with geographic or spatial information. GIS is a fastly growing technological field that incorporates graphical features with tabular data in order to…

Waterproof a Concrete Roof At a first, the concrete roof is only used for commercial buildings, but nowadays to increase the architectural view of residential buildings concrete roofing is used. In roofing materials nowadays, concrete shingles become the most usable material. After constructing a concrete roof you have to ensure that, your concrete roof is…

How Are Bridges Built? As human beings started to expand across lands and territories, we had a structure to overcome natural obstacles and barriers. Engineers exploited their tools to create bridges, linking us between towns and changing the whole landscape. The first method is used for bridges which are built-in low depth water. In low…

Plinth Area Meaning: The plinth area means we know the built-up covered area at the floor level of the basement or of any story. The plinth area is also referred to as the total area captured by the building along with the interior or exterior wall and also known as the built-up area. The plinth area…

What is Footing? Foundation Definition: The footing is generally supporting columns and may be round, square, or rectangular at a plan and in section. They may be of the slab — stepped or sloping type. Thia stepped footing results at a better distribution of load than a slab footing. A sloped footing isn’t less economical,…

Introduction of Concrete Repair Method Concrete is one of the most widely used building materials in the construction industry all over the world. Concrete is a versatile construction material that possesses various advantages as compared to other construction materials. There are many defects that occur in the concrete with time due to an aggressive environment. There…

Introduction of Floating Foundation Foundation is one of the most important parts of the structure which carries the total load of the Structure and transmits it to the underneath strata. There are many parameters which have to be properly studied by the Geotechnical engineer before the construction of foundation otherwise there will be major problems…

What Is Wood? Wood is a natural product and one of the most beautiful materials, providing a long-term sustainable solution to endless applications. Wood is an organic material, meanings it comes from nature, and the part of nature from that wood comes is the trunks and branches of trees. A structure of the wood itself…

Introduction of Gothic Architecture Since the day the human left caves and started living in houses, the birth of architecture occurred. From that day to the modern era, many types of architectural style has been invented, established, and then disappeared from this world leaving different pieces of its existence at different places of the earth….

What Is Spalling of Concrete? Spalling of concrete at fires is the breaking-off of layers of a concrete surface in response to applied heat. Spalling may be either localized or widespread depending upon the fire and concrete condition, particularly moisture content, and the susceptibility to the break-up of heat-unstable aggregate particles. Also Read: 17 Types of…

Introduction of Curb and Gutter There are various types of Curbs and gutters are used in the construction of light and heavy pavements of the road. The Curb and Gutter are installed along the length of the road. The main purpose of providing a curb and gutter is to strengthen the pavement of the road….

What Is Curing of Concrete? Curing performs a crucial role in the growth as well as the resilience of concrete strengths. Since applying water to that same concrete mixture there is an exothermic process that tends to toughen the concrete. Hardening of concrete also isn’t instantaneous yet lasts for a prolonged period of time, taking…

Introduction of Bamboo Bamboo is one of the oldest and traditional construction materials used in different construction activities. The bamboos strength it is more as compared to other construction materials. Bamboo as a building material has greater compressive strength and it is lightweight so that it is widely used as a construction material. In this…

Introduction of Foundation: Foundation is one of the most important parts of the building. The foundation plays a crucial role in the structure and it is the lowermost part of the building below the ground level which provides a base for the structure. Foundation is the main part of the building which receives the total…

Why Hairline Cracks in Concrete? Hairline Cracks in concrete are extremely common but often misunderstood. Once an owner sees a crack in his slab or wall, especially if the concrete is relatively new, he automatically assumes there is something wrong. This isn’t always this case. Some types of cracks are inevitable. Best that a contractor…

History of Brutalist Architecture: The history of brutalist architecture goes back three years the 1940s to the 1950s when it first emerges. In the year of 1940, on the verge of the second world war, nazi germany attacked Britain with their massive air fleet. In response to that, Britain resisted the attack with its royal…

Introduction of Marble and Granite Someone busy planning the interior of their home, let me tell you research is very crucial, and one of the difficult choices the owners have is choosing between Marble and Granite. Both Marble and Granite are natural materials and are often mistaken for each other. There can be drastic variations…

What Is Paint Finishes for Walls? If you have selected a fresh paint color for your home makeover design, you may feel you’re preparing to block the paint discount store. However, there’s another move to select your pain-the finish since you do. Paint comes in several finishes, and you’ll need to realize which finishes are…

What Is Architecture? The techniques and art of making the layout of buildings and constructing the building are architecture. Designing and decorating, selecting of furnishings, having supervision for construction, and renovating or remodeling a building. Architecture is an art. Besides designing and constructing architecture deals with aesthetics. Every building that was built by humans from…

What Is Bond Breaker? In the modern construction industry, the term “prefabrication” or “precast” holds a significant value. Concrete elements are generally of two types; those are Precast and cast-in-situ construction. If the Precast construction, the concrete is cast at a place other than the site, which is when required, are brought to the site…

All About of Concrete Batching Generally, concrete is a multipurpose, eco-friendly construction material that is widely used in most construction all over the world. Concrete is also an inexpensive material. Now we need to prepare this type of material, but if you are going to prepare good quality, then you need to consider all the…

What Is Superstructures? The portion above the ground level and below the ground floor level is known as a plinth. The portion above the ground floor level is known as super-structure. It includes columns, walls, beams, floors, roofs, doors, windows, lintels, staircases, etc. In this article types of super-structures based on the method of load,…

What Color Helps You Fall Asleep? You may apply soft pillows, a glossy blanket, a solid cushion, and slow music still, and you cannot sleep too soon. There are some purposes after your sleep hour in your time, but the nearby color development even acts as a necessary part of your immediate sleep. After learning…

What Is Fat Lime? Fat lime is also known as Rich lime, High calcium lime, Pure lime, White lime. It is obtained by calculating limestones. When water is added to this lime, it produces hissing sound, a lot of heat is liberated it cracks and its volume is increased by 2-3 times the presence of…

What is Waffle Slab Foundation? The waffle slab foundation system is also called a waffle mat foundation. The waffle slab foundation is constructed above the ground like a mat foundation and is also used to provide a load-bearing capacity on expensive, compressible, rocky, or hydro collapsible soil. To construct a waffle slab foundation at first,…

What Is Transportation Engineering? Transportation plays an important role in the development of the country. Transportation Engineering is a branch of civil engineering which deals with the planning, designing, operation, and maintenance of an efficient and safe transportation system. It is a responsibility of Transportation Engineer to plan, design, build and operate the whole Transportation…

What Is Pad Foundation? Pad footing is the type of shallow footing used to spread a concentrated load through columns into the soil mass. It’s also known as isolated footing. It can also be deep, depending upon the ground conditions. It can either be reinforced or non-reinforced. It’s constructed by digging holes into the ground,…

Types of Roof Tiles There are various types of tiles that are available in the market. There are mainly twelve types of tiles are available, those are Slate Roof Tile Metal Roof Tile Concrete Roof Tile Composite Roof Tile Solar Roof Tile Clay Roof Tile Synthetic Spanish Barrel Roof Tile Synthetic Slate Roof Tile Synthetic Cedar…

What Is Mat Foundation? Mat foundation is also called a raft foundation. Generally, it is a continuous slab laying on the soil on which all the columns and beam of the structure are constructed. By the mat foundation, all load of the building or structure is transferred to the soil. Where the soil condition is…

Introduction of Soil Vent Pipe The plumbing system and the Drainage of the important aspect of the building because it helps to drain off the wastewater from the building. The wastewater in the building should be properly removed through the pipes to the septic tanks and sanitary sewer. If the proper design and fittings of…

Introduction of Shotcrete Vs Gunite Shotcreting and Guniting are one of the most important and widely used techniques in construction. The purpose of using the shotcrete and Guniting method is the same but the process of application is different. Guniting and shotcreting are both different techniques. Many people do not know the difference between Guniting…

Introduction of Hydraulic Cement Water is the biggest enemy of the Civil Engineering Structures. Water can cause great damage to the structures. It is very necessary to protect the structures from moisture which can cause huge damage to the structures. The other types of cement cannot be used for the construction of the structures which are…

What Is Bulking of Sand? The free moisture content in the fine aggregate or sand results in bulking of its volume. The phenomenon of increase in sand volume due to the addition of water or increase of moisture content is termed as Bulking of Sand. Bulking of Sand occurs when a film of water is…

What Is Sandbag Cofferdam? The cofferdam is a short-term design that supports the building activity behind the logical waterless situation. A sandbag is none but a bag covered with sand and brick. While these sandbags will apply to create a cofferdam, it will call a sandbag cofferdam. In this process, void bags will equal as…

Introduction Top 20 AAC Block Company in India Best AAC Block Company in India or which AAC Block brand company should I go to build my house? These are some of the common questions of ordinary people when it comes to building a home or building your own home. Well, most use aac block on…

What is a Transom? The transom is blank of the window, but it is one kind of beam which divide the upper of the door and window from the wall volume. The chief motive of offering transom is to take the burden. This word is discover from the Latin word Trans which is known as…

What Is Plumbing Joint? Pipes are connected with the help of joints. A variety of joints are used in an assembly of pipes. Connecting two or more pipes together is called a fitting. Various types of joints could be used in a pipe as per the requirement. Joints are also used for multiple pipe connections…

Introduction of Vastu Tips for Home If you live in India then you must know about the word ‘Vastu‘. But if you do not know what Vastu is and how to follow the rules of Vastu while making a home then you shall read it. Since the beginning of human civilization, humans have cherished numerous…

What Is Tile Popping? Tile popping is a phenomenon in which the floor tiles pop out, crack, or flex, causing unevenness in the floor. Rather than concrete or marble, floor tiles are now common in most homes. The marble floor doesn’t need any form of polishing or finishing to look beautiful. The tiles are beautiful…

Introduction of Cantilever Bridge Cantilever Bridge is a special type of bridge which is constructed by using Cantilever members or the structures that project horizontally. In this article, you will get to know about cantilever bridges, type of cantilever bridge, and the Advantages and Disadvantages of cantilever bridges. What Does Cantilever Means? The cantilever is…

What Are Plastic Roads? Plastic Roads are roads that are made completely of plastic or composites of plastic made with other materials. Difference between a Plastic Road and a standard road is that standard roads are made entirely of asphalt concrete, which consists of mineral aggregates and asphalt, where as plastic roads are made up…

Introduction of Different Materials Used in Building Construction Building Materials are an essential element in the construction of any civil engineering structure. The durability and strength of the structure depend upon the quality of the building materials used in the structure’s construction. There are different types of construction materials available in the market and widely…

Introduction of Beam Bridge Bridges are one of the most important parts of the Infrastructure of the country which plays a great role in the transportation of raw materials from one end to another end. There are many types of bridges which are constructed for the movement of traffic. In which article, you will get…

What is a Raft Foundation? A raft foundation, also called a raft foundation, is essentially a continuous slab resting on the soil that extends over the entire footprint of the building, thereby supporting the building and transferring its weight to the ground. When determining which foundation is the most economical (foundation), the engineer should consider…

Introduction of Marble Price Marble is an easily available material in the market. It is used on floors and tables, washrooms, and walls of a house or building. The price of marble varies on so many different factors. From cheap to costlier a variety of marble is available. The quality of marble is also variable….

What Is Inverted Beam? The Inverted beam is a reinforced concrete beam, different types shape of beam-like I beam, T Beam, L beam, etc. So, the height of the Inverted beam is the same as the normal height of a beam, as may be noticed in as per below fig. Inverted beams are popular and…

Introduction of Door Hinges Hinge recreates a vital role in keeping your door in its right position. Hinges are generally used for doors and windows for interlocking. Hinges generally correspond to two leaves and a knuckle. The knuckle is formed by an interlocking corridor, generally an odd number. A leg runs through the center of…

Load Bearing Wall Construction: Load Bearing Wall Construction was most widely used form of construction for large buildings from the 1700’s to the mid 1900’s. Load Bearing Wall Construction is rarely used today in large buildings, but smaller residential buildings are being built. Load Bearing Wall Construction consists mainly of thick, heavy brick or stone…

Types of Paint Brushes and Their Uses Selecting current paint for your house is a great dramatic actor. We can expand times for seeking creation appearance but not believe that the finishing brush applies and choosing paint colors and varieties of color brushes equally consequential. Due to affordable paints do not give a suitable feel…

What Is Guniting? The process was applicable in construction work, where it applied in the stabilization of prone or sloppy areas. Mainly purpose of this process is to heal some specific kinds of problems, like tank construction (contain water, storage for some specific chemicals), swimming pool construction, retaining wall for basement tanks, and repair works for…

What Are Floating Houses? Floating house is generally a modern type of technology which is very popular in recent times. In today’s world, there are lack of free space to build a house or any type of structure because all the accessible free places are almost covered up. To recover this problem, you need to think…

What Is Calacatta Quartz? Calacatta quartz is hardware that features calacatta marmoreal, a model of marmoreal. The shade of calacatta quartz is neat. It is also bright pale, although it always details unique style mode grey to gold. Types of Calacatta Quartz Here, the different types of calacatta quartz are as follows. Calacatta Classique Quartz…

Instruction of Pitched Roof From the beginning of civilization, roofs are one of the essential structural components, necessary for building construction. Roofs protect the building structure and the inhabitants from adverse atmospheric and exposure condition and also to enable privacy to its inhabitants. The design and construction of a roof necessitate the consideration of several…

What is Bitumen? Bitumen is a viscous, solid, or nonvolatile liquid. Bitumen is a complex and complected colloid system, the chemical properties of that are determined by the properties of crude oil by which it’s produced. Pure bitumen is a colloid dispersion of microscopic asphalt particles in oil (dispersion agent).The chemical composition of bitumen is…

Plumbing Valve A plumbing valve is a system that is installed in the plumbing system. Plumbing is generally defined as the system where we need to install pipes and other required works to fix the drainage system. What Is Plumbing Valve? A plumbing valve is a type of valve which is installed in the pipeline. A…

What Is a Sewage Pump? A sewage pump will apply to move sewage liquids and stability from one place to other. The main things which may conduct mushy stable up to 2 inches in width will pump from sewage pump to a sewer septic tank, and the final application of the sewage pump will design….

What Are Bathroom Accessories? The bathroom needs every section of the house. Now, bathrooms are essential for us. The bathroom isn’t big, but its style should be ready delicately. The structure of the bathrooms also depends on what other kinds of bathroom accessories and washroom accessories approve. Bathroom items usually pay attention to the early stages…

Why Are Energy-Efficient Homes Necessary? We are staying in a production where regular energy root will apply at a fast speed. We must protect them for our upcoming reproduction because we are all careful. More time will use at the house, and by constructing energy-efficient homes, these standard energy roots can also decrease, or irregular…

What is Commercial Building Roof? Commercial roofs are available in the marketplace in different types and different shapes according to the budget of the owner and the needs of the building. Types of roofs and the durability of the roof play an important role in the health of your building and the longevity of the…

What Is Roof Overhangs? The distance between the house’s siding and the roof determines how much of an overhang there is on the roof. A structure known as the soffit is what can be found beneath an overhang. Although overhangs on slate roofs are typically longer than those on other roofs, almost all buildings have…

Introduction of Canal Canal plays one of the most important roles in transportation and global commerce. The canal is widely used for the irrigation and drainage urban Water Supply, hydroelectric power generation, transportation of cargo and power generation purposes. In this article, you will get to know what is a Canal Irrigation and the classification…

What Is Transportation of Concrete? Transportation of concrete is a process where we move freshly prepared concrete from one place to another place. Generally, we move concrete to that place where that concrete need to be dumped for structural construction purpose. The method of transportation of concrete depends upon the setting time of concrete, workability…

What Is Bolt? A bolt is an externally threaded fastener created for the insertion through holes in the assembled parts. Generally, bolts are intended to be released by nuts. This Bolts in a uniform circular cross-section, the threads are spiral in structure and have a smaller pitch as compared to screws. These bolts don’t have tapered…

What Are Walls? Wall is a structural element that divides the space (room) into two spaces (rooms) and also provides safety and shelter. Generally, the walls are differentiated as two types of outer-walls and inner-walls. Outer-walls give an enclosure to the house for shelter, and inner-walls help to partition the enclosure into the required number…

What Is the Purpose of the Gabion Wall? A gabion wall is an arresting division designed by mountain rock covered with gabions tied up with wire. As a substitute mountain parallel, gabions retaining walls will commonly deteriorate with the lean surface. The gabion derives from an Old Italian word ”gabion” expressing vast jail. A gabion…

Introduction of Difference Between Rafter and Truss. The Roof Framing system has undergone a huge revolution over the last some years. The main function of the Rafters and Trusses is to support the roof of the structure. If you are constructing your new home, then you may be confused that what should use to support…

Fineness Modulus of Fine Aggregate: The sand fineness module (fine aggregate) is an index number describing the mean size of sand particles. By doing sieve analysis with normal sieves, it is measured. The accumulated percentage kept on each sieve is applied and the sum of the fine aggregate is subdivided by 100. To find the…

What Is Skirting? In civil engineering, skirting is one of the most important part. Skirting is constructed in almost every residential building, commercial building, industrial building, etc. Generally skirting is a board which is provided in the junction point of the wall and the interior wall throughout its length. Generally skirting covers the many dispute…

Introduction of Bridge Human beings have been constructing bridges for about four thousand years. The oldest and still existing bridge in the world is perhaps the Zhaozhou Bridge in Hebei Province in China, originally constructed approximately in A.D. 600. However, bridge design and construction then may not be considered bridge engineering practice by today’s definition….

What Is Bow Window? Bow window a type of window which is used to provide extra space to the homeowner. It creates extra space by projecting beyond the exterior wall of the building and provides extra wider view of the street or the garden. Bow window is widely known as the compass window. Bow window…

Types of Kitchen Faucets The below kinds of kitchen faucets will checklist. Touchless Kitchen Faucets Pull Out and Pull Down Kitchen Faucets Single and Double Handles Kitchen Faucets Separate Sprayer’s Kitchen Faucets Commercial Kitchen Faucets Wall-Mounted Kitchen Faucets Touch Kitchen Faucet Pot Filler Faucets Let’s know detail knowledge of different types of Kitchen faucets. 1….

What Is Beam? The beam is a structural element that stands against the bending. Mainly beam carries vertical gravitational forces, but also pull the horizontal loads on it. The beam is called a wall plate or sill plate that carries the transmits and load it to the girders, columns, or walls. It is attached with….

What Is Drywall? Drywall is basically a gypsum board which is installed on the interior wall of the house. Drywall is widely known by some other names like gypsum panel, sheet-rock, wallboard, custard board, buster board, etc. In drywall, a gypsum board is sandwiched by two paper boards. Those are attached by quick set gypsum…

What Is a Pony Wall? The pony wall is small. Also, it is known as the ”knee wall,” and this wall is a short design wall that will not design from the surface to the roof. These walls are an excellent path to remove the space of a large room except the rejection of to…

What Is Sealant? The term “Sealant” can be simplified as “sealing elements”. Sealants are the materials, which are used to seal the progress of substance between two surfaces, or where two different characters meet. In the civil engineering field, sealants are materials, which is used to block the passage of any fluid or fluid-like substances,…

Mass Concrete: Large bridge piers, foundation, and such as dams like the massive structure, the mass concreting technique is used. For also, mass concrete strength, economy, uniformity, and other factors considered should take into account. The temperature shrinkage is the major problem in mass concrete work. To prevent shrinkage, one must have excellent control of…

What Is a Nail? Nail is the most common fasteners used in construction. Up to the end of the Colonial period, all nails used in the United States were handmade. They were forged on an anvil from nail rods, which were sold in bundles. These nail rods were prepared either by rolling iron into small…

Introduction of WCB Vs. QB Whole circle bearing(WCB) and Quadrantal bearing(QB) are the two types of bearing which is used in the field of surveying for the purpose of measurement of the bearings. In this article, you will get to know about the whole circle bearing and Quadrantal bearing and their differences. What Is Whole…

Mezzanine Floor The mezzanine floor is an intermediate floor of a building, below the open floor. At least twice as high as a floor with minimum height on a ceiling the mezzanine floor is placed halfway up the wall on a floor. To determining maximum floor space, a mezzanine does not count as one of…

Concrete joints are used to compensate when concrete expands or shrinks with changes in temperature. Concrete joints are normally used to prevent cracking when concrete contractions, creating training, tools, sawdust, and placement of joint builders. Pre-planned cracks will provide a finishing product with a better finish and will be formed in specific locations where those…

Types of Houses The types of houses vary from old to new times. Due to turn of people live hood. Now a day’s sum of complications is dependent on purchasing a home. Like the economic figure, lifestyle of people, modern appearance, kinds of houses, elements, area, natural character, environmental status, etc. The estate retail has…

What Is Camber in Road? It’s mostly found in the highways the median part of the road surface is elevated with regards to the edges. This slope from the diagonal direction is known as the Camber. The purpose of the camber is to drain out the rainwater from the road surface around the edges. Camber…

Introduction of RCC Column The whole structure of a building is comprised of different types of components. The column is one of the most important parts of the Framed Structure. Columns are designed to carry the axial loads in compression. The Columns are used all over the world for the decorative as well as structural…

Introduction of Bay Window Bay windows are generally a set of three or more windows that creates an outer angle beyond the exterior wall of a house. Bay windows can be of many shapes like square, hexagonal, octagonal, and so on. Bay windows can largely be seen in the west. Mainly in Europe. But it…