Built Up Roof with Gravel | Why Do They Put Gravel on Flat Roofs | Purpose of Gravel on a Flat Roof | Added Benefits of Bur Flat-Roof Gravel
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Introduction of Built-Up Roof with Gravel
BURs (also known as tar and gravel roofs) are a well-known and popular form of flat roof made composed of alternating layers of roofing felt or fibreglass and asphalt that is placed using heat, resulting in a long-lasting and robust roofing system.
The gravel buried in the flood coat protects the underlying layers from the elements, including ultraviolet rays and natural dangers such as roof hail damage or severe rains.
Depending on the underlying strata, the construction of the building, and the climate of the area, different types and weights of gravel are required for different types of BURs.
Despite the fact that the asphalt waterproofs the roof (this is especially essential for flat roofs where water and moisture can accumulate instead of draining off as it would on a sloping roof), the gravel layer increases the life of the roof.
It’s worth noting that the “gravel” is generally some form of aggregate material, such as pea gravel, slag, or mineral granules that are pea-sized and roughly a quarter-inch thick, and that it’s used to fulfil the Class A surface burning categorization.
There are various advantages to having a tar and gravel roof. They typically have a life expectancy of 20 to 25 years, based on the region as well as the remaining of the homeowner’s building (barring any major natural disasters of course).
The weather resistant properties of the crushed rock embedded in the roof could indeed help to avoid damage such as cracking or blistering, which can ultimately led to leakages or even other problems over time.
Modifiers are got to add to standard roofing asphalt to replace plasticizers deleted during in the distillation process, resulting in bitumen roofing systems.
To boost its strength and durability, it would then be reinforced with fibreglass or polyester fibre matting. SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene) as well as APP (atactic polypropylene).
SBS increases the roofing membrane’s elasticity, allowing for more contraction and relaxation, whereas APP increases the roofing system’s capacity to remain robust as it matures.
Each type is common in modern climates and purposes, and an expert roofing contractor in the area can help you decide which is best for your home.
There are numerous advantages to choosing a modified bitumen roof. The gravel absorbs as well as heats up and aids in evaporation of water, pushing heat and moisture away from its original layer.
Whenever the team needs to reach the roof or contractors are doing repairs and maintenance on a bitumen roofing system, the looser gravel helps to give a better grip for foot traffic.
It should be noted that the gravel on modified bituminous roofing systems should be maintained reasonably flat on the roof at any and all moments, and part of the gravel must stay loose to avoid damage or punctures from foot activity.
Also Read: What Is Bitumen and Bitumens Types?
Why Do They Put Gravel on Flat Roofs?
Many flat-roof (low-slope) commercial buildings have gravel on top of their roofs. Have you ever wondered why contractors place gravel on flat roofs?
Gravel is used on flat roofs for three reasons:
- To safeguard the underlying layer of roofing materials, as is the case with built-up roofs (BURs).
- To weigh down or secure the roofing material, as with single-ply flat roofs.
- For these goals, different types and weights of gravel are utilized on flat roofs.
Gravel to Protect Built-Up Roofs
A built-up roof (BUR), often known as a tar-and-gravel roof, is a tried-and-true flat roof type. To build a long-lasting roof system, alternating layers of roofing felt (typically fiberglass) and hot-applied asphalt are used.
To protect the roof from the elements, particularly ultraviolet (UV) radiation and hail, a layer of gravel, or small stones, is applied on top of the final coat of asphalt. The gravel is incorporated in the top coat of asphalt (known as a flood coat), which aids in the retention of the gravel.
The weatherproofing layer of gravel extends the life of the roof’s surface by preventing cracking, blistering, and deterioration, which could lead to leaks or other material failures over time.
Although the asphalt waterproofs the roof (which is critical for flat roofs), the gravel adds a vital, life-extending layer. Although commonly referred to as “gravel,” the top layer is usually some sort of aggregate material (such as pea gravel, slag, or mineral granules).
BUR aggregate is usually pea-sized, about a quarter-inch thick, and is used to impart the Class A surface burning designation in accordance with mandatory ASTM E108, UL790, or CAN/ULC S107M requirements.
Purpose of Gravel on a Flat Roof
The usage of a ballasted commercial roofing system is primarily motivated by two factors:
Because of the weight given by the gravel, the roof materials are anchored to the decking with much fewer fasteners. Using a specially designed screw and plate fastening arrangement, the gravel may be put in a lot less time.
The ballast keeps the roofing system cool and out of the sun’s damaging rays, reducing energy expenditures. Heavy foot activity and high-wind situations are also no match for the gravel top coat.
Despite the benefits of a ballasted roof system, there are certain drawbacks to be aware of. It is critical to remember that the amount of gravel added to a commercial roof must be precise.
it is determined by the roofing specification utilised and the type of structure. Gravel that is too heavy can cause structural problems. The weight of a gravel-coated roof should be between 10 and 25 pounds per square foot.
Finding a leak amid a sea of gravel can be challenging, especially if the gravel is embedded in a layer of hot asphalt. Because gravel retains dirt and moisture, patching leaks once they’ve been found can be challenging.
Ballasted roof systems are still a viable option for today’s commercial roof demands, even if they aren’t as popular as they once were.
Added Benefits of Bur Flat-Roof Gravel
The coating of gravel on a BUR flat roof may both assist water evaporate and keep heat away from the underlying roof structure since it stores and releases heat. When doing maintenance or repairs, the gravel gives a stronger grip for foot traffic.
The gravel also serves as a barrier to prevent natural material (such as leaves) from moving towards and clogging the flat roof’s drains, retaining them instead.
Modified bitumen roofs are made out of a combination of asphalt and rubber with a coating of gravel placed in the top layer to give UV protection. There is no need for extra gravel on the roof.
Gravel on a Ballast Roof System
Ballast is a kind of gravel that is used in single-ply roofing systems. Although the primary function of ballast is to weigh down roofing materials, it also provides the same protective advantages as indicated above.
Ballast is widely used with single-ply flat roofs built of tar-and-gravel replacements such as ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO).
Single-ply roofing materials are not self-adhering or bonded together in any way. Ballast is required for weight to protect the roof from severe winds since nothing ties the waterproofing membrane to the roofing components beneath.
Ballast is not the same as BUR protecting gravel. Ballast stones are typically one to two inches thick and used more liberally than on a built-up roof. Wind gusts are significantly reduced by the heavier stones.
A ballast system reduces roof system application costs since it takes less time to install because the layers are not sealed together. Ballasted flat roofs are a common choice, particularly for commercial structures.
Additional Benefits of Ballast on a Flat Roof
A ballasted roof’s gravel absorbs heat, keeping the sun from heating the roof materials below and making the roof more energy-efficient.
Although single-ply roofs are naturally sun-protective, ballast adds an extra layer of protection from UV radiation. During repair or maintenance operations, ballast also protects against hail and foot traffic.
Because the ballast stones are “loose-laid,” rather than entrenched in a layer of tar (asphalt), they are easily moved for repairs or maintenance.
1. Open Joints:
To repair split joints or seams, place some cement under the open seam and hold it down so it may stick to the substrate.
If this fails, cut a huge piece of felt and lay it over the open joint. Nail it down, then cover the nails with roofing cement. Finally, put gravel over the cement and allow it to cure.
2. Blisters:
Small blisters can be readily treated by cutting the blister with a knife. Allow as much time as possible for the area to dry. If the top layers are wet, continue cutting down until you reach a dry layer.
Remove the felts (plies) and replace them with new felt. Cover the asphalt with chippings once it has been applied. If chippings aren’t accessible, you can utilise liquid-applied coatings on top of the repaired region.
3. Undulations or Waves:
Repair built-up roofing undulations by simply layering on top of the affected region to level it. Before doing any repairs, make sure the substrate is in good shape.
4. Cracks:
Cracks in the asphalt should be simple to repair. To begin, clear the area of any gravel or debris. Apply an asphalt cement layer to the surface and cover it with roofing felt.
To ensure that you’ve covered the whole area, make sure there’s at least 4 inches of overlap. Apply a final coat of asphalt cement and repeat the process. Cover the cement with gravel.
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Why Do You Put Gravel on a Flat Roof?
Gravel is used on flat roofs for two reasons: To protect the underlying layer of roofing materials, as is the case with built-up roofs (BURs). To weigh down or secure the roofing material, as is the case with single-ply flat roofs.
What Does Built Up Roof Mean?
Built-Up Roofing, or BUR for short, first appeared around the mid 1800’s. It is a roofing system where multiple layers of asphalt get applied between ply sheets (or felts) over the roof deck and insulation.
Gravel Ballast Roof
In gravel ballasted roofing systems, the waterproofing membrane is covered and ballasted against wind uplift and other exposures with a layer of gravel. Conventional gravel ballasted roofs have been built for many years and are suitable on most flat roofs and structures.
How Long Does a Built Up Roof Last?
about 20 to 30 years
Built-Up Roofing (BUR)
BUR roofs typically last about 20 to 30 years. However, regular inspections and maintenance are required to maximize the lifespan of a built-up roof.
Built Up Roof with Gravel
A built-up roof with gravel is a roofing system that consists of multiple layers of roofing felts, bitumen, and a top layer of gravel or stone. The gravel provides fire resistance, UV protection, and durability to the roof. However, it adds weight and can make maintenance and repairs more challenging.
Do You Need Gravel on a Flat Roof?
Rocks or gravel on a flat roof are a necessary component for built up roofs and ballast roof systems. The gravel or stone offers roof protection and balances the overall weight of the roof. Built up flat roofs are constructed with layers of roofing felt and asphalt, where the top layer is embedded with gravel.
Built Up Tar and Gravel Roof
A built-up roof (BUR), sometimes called a tar-and-gravel roof, is a tried-and-true style of flat roof. Here, alternating layers of roofing felt (usually fiberglass) and hot-applied asphalt are combined to create a long-lasting roof system.
Why Do They Put Gravel on Flat Roofs?
Gravel is put on flat roofs for fire resistance, UV protection, weight distribution, durability, thermal regulation, and drainage enhancement.
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