all about Dynamic Vs Kinematic Viscosity

Dynamic Vs Kinematic Viscosity (Difference & Definition)

Bykrishnaraj

all about Dynamic Vs Kinematic Viscosity

What Is Viscosity?

What Is Viscosity

Viscosity is a basic characteristic property of all liquids. When a liquid flows, it’s an inner resistance to flow. Viscosity is a measure of the resistance to flow or shear.

Viscosity may also be termed as a drag force and is a measure of the frictional properties of this fluid. Temperature and pressure function of Viscosity.

Though the viscosities of both liquids and gases vary with pressure and temperature, they affect the viscosity in another manner.

Within this book, we’ll deal primarily with a viscosity of fluids and its change as a function of temperature.

Viscosity is expressed in two distinct forms:

  • Dynamic viscosity
  • Kinematic viscosity

What is Dynamic Viscosity?

What is Dynamic Viscosity?

Dynamics of fluid flow, often referred to as dynamic and kinematic viscosity, is the study of fluid motion, including the forces causing flow. Viscosity (Dynamic) is defined as the resistance offered to a layer of fluid when it mores over another layer of fluid.

Rate of shear stress is directly proportional to the velocity gradient. Dynamic viscosity is flowed the newton 2nd Law (Second law) as per newton second law of motion. He says which relates the acceleration with the forces.

Due to the force exerted on the material, the deformation causes the fluid-fluid particle to move. Science ‘fluid’ Kinematics viscosity, studying only motion without thinking of force.

This chapter presents the first primary discussion of the science of fluid force fluid dynamics and its practical and general application.

A clear concept of force and acceleration is necessary to understand the speed of the transmission. According to Newton’s law of motion (Newton’s Second Law of Motion),

force (force) = Mass X Acceleration

f = m.a (F=Force, M= Mass, A = Acceleration)

It is usually the practice of using m (Mass) in the pursuit of force for a solid. But the Greek letter p is used for fluid-fluid particulars.

Acceleration is used only for acceleration or for acceleration. The actual force applied to a particular solution according to Newton’s rule – net force, Its product of force and acceleration is equal to – product.

Thus the fluid has viscosity – viscosity. But to develop equations of motion, the equation is considered inviscid – inviscid.

In reality, no true view is devoid of real fluid. But other factors such as pressure force – pressure force and gravity force –

Since the viscous effect is insignificant relative to the gravitational force, it can be ignored, and in doing so, there is no possibility of major impairment.

One fact should be noted that in some cases, the force of prudence may also be important. For example, glycerin cannot be ignored when a fluid flows into a narrow tube or flows between two adjacent surfaces.

Since airtightness is extremely low in air motion, it can be easily ignored, but the fact that air is compressible cannot be ignored.

Assuming that the pressure of convection is caused by gravitational force, the equation can be written as follows (Dynamic Vs. Kinematic Viscosity).

Actual tension force on gravity + gravitational force = volume of force x its acceleration Net pressure force on a fluid particle + net gravity force on a fluid particle = particle mass x particle acceleration.

τ = µ x du/dy, where µ represents the dynamic viscosity formula

  • du/dy = constant of proportionality
  • µ = Dynamic viscosity
  • τ = Coefficient Euler’s equation of motio

Equation of Motion

  • Euler’s equation of motion

(1/p) x (dp/ds) = -v x (dv/ds)

  • p = Density of fluid
  • dA = Cross-sectional area of this fluid element
  • ds = Length of this fluid element
  • dW = Weight of this fluid element
  • P = Pressure on this element at A
  • P+dP = Pressure on this element at B
  • v = velocity of This fluid element

Bernoulli’s equation from Real Fluid

P+(1/2).p.v.v +p.g.h = Constant

  • P = Pressure on the element at A
  • p = Density of fluid
  • v = Velosity
  • h = elvation
  • g = gravitational elevation

Also Read: What Are the Differences Between Shear Slump and Collapse Slump in Slump Test?

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What Is Kinematic Viscosity?

What Is Kinematic Viscosity?

Kinematic viscosity, often asked as kinematic viscosity is defined as, is the ratio of the dynamic viscosity (mass viscosity) of a fluid. Mathematically,

Kinematic viscosity ∝ = Dynamic viscosity (µ) / Density (δ)

  • ∝ = Kinematic viscosity
  • µ = Dynamic viscosity
  • δ = Density

Using the kinematic viscosity formula, we have ∝ = µ / δ.

Topics related to acceleration and types of motion, etc. are discussed. An initial discussion of the equation for pressure and total force and pressure center due to the viscosity properties and the static mass.

It also moves due to a very small amount of learner stress on the visual. Likewise, the motion is also due to the slight imbalance in the membrane pressure on the visual.

Also Read: What Is Moment Frame | Types of Moment Frames

Type of Kinematic Viscosity Flow:

Type of Kinematic Viscosity Flow

  • Steady and unsteady flows.
  • Uniform and non-uniform flows.
  • Laminar and turbulent flows.
  • Compressible and incompressible flows.
  • Rotational and irrotational flows.
  • One, two, and three-dimensional flows.

1. Steady and Unsteady Flow:

Steady and Unsteady Flow

Steady flow: the type of flow in which the fluid properties Remains constant with time.

u,v,w=0  dv/dt=0 dv/ds =0

  • dv= change of velocity
  • dt = time
  • ds = length of flow in the direction S

Unsteady flow: type of flow in which the fluid properties changes with time.

dv/dt ≠ 0  dv/ds =0

  • dv= change of velocity
  • dt = time
  • ds = length of flow in the direction S

2. Uniform and Non-Uniform Flows:

Uniform and Non-Uniform Flows

Uniform flows A type of flow in which velocity pressures, density, temperature, etc. At only give time does not change with respects to scope.

dv/ds = 0, dp/ds = 0

  • dv = change of velocity
  • dt = time
  • ds = length of flow in the direction S

Non-Uniform: velocity, pressures, density, etc. at give time change with respect to space

dv/ds ≠ 0, dp/ds =0

Also Read: Load-Bearing Vs Partition Walls | What Are Walls | Classified of Walls

3. Laminar and Turbulent Flows:

Laminar and Turbulent Flows

Laminar flow: Defined as that type of flow in which the fluid particles move along well-defined paths or streamline, and all the streamline is strength and parallel.

  • Laminar flow is also called viscous flow or stream,
  • This type of flow is only possible at slow speed and in a viscous fluid

Turbulent flow: in which fluid particles more irregularly and disorderly, i.e., fluid particles move in a zig-zag way. The zig-zag irregularly of fluid properties is responsible for high energy loss.

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4. Compressible and Incompressible Flows:

Compressible and Incompressible Flows

Compressible flow: Type of flow in which the density of the fluid changes from point to point or in other words, the density (p) is not constant for the fluid.

Thus, mathematically, for compressible flow

p ≠ Constant

Incompressible flow: Type of flow in which the density is constant fluid flow. Liquids are generally incompressible then gases are compressible.

Mathematically, for incompressible flow

p = Constant.

5. Rotational and Irrotational Flows.

Rotational and Irrotational Flows

Rotational flow: that type of flow in which the fluid particles, while flowing along stream-lines, also rotate about their own axis.

Irrotational Flows: Fluid particles while flowing along stream-lines, not rotate about their own axis then that type of flow is called irrotational flow.

6. One, Two, and Three-Dimensional Flow:

One, Two, and Three-Dimensional Flow

One-dimensional:

  • This is the flow in which the flow parameter such as velocity is a function of time, and one space co-ordinates only, say axis X.
  • For a steady one dimensional flow in direction, the velocity is a function of one-space and co-ordinate only.
  • The variant of velocities in additional two mutually perpendicular directions is assumed negligible.
  • Hence mathematically, for one-dimensional

flow u =f( x), v = 0 and w = 0

  • Where u, v and w are velocity components in x, y and z directions respectively.

Two-dimensional flow:

  • That kind of flow in which the velocity is a function of time and two rectangular space co-ordinates say x and y.
  • For a steady two-dimensional flow, the velocity is a function of two space coordinates only.
  • The variation of velocity in that third direction is negligible.
  • Thus, mathematically for two-dimensional flow

u = fi(x, y), v = f2(x, y) and w = 0.

Three-dimensional flow:

  • That kind of flow where the velocity is a function of time and also three mutually perpendicular directions.
  • However, to get a constant three-dimensional stream, the fluid parameters are functions of three space coordinates (x, y, and z) only.
  • Thus, mathematically, for three-dimensional flow

u = fi(x, y, z), v = f2(x, y, z) and w = f3(x, y, z).

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Dynamic Vs Kinematic Viscosity

Thus, dynamic viscosity is a measure of force, while kinematic viscosity is a measure of velocity. That’s the difference. If you divide kinematic viscosity by the fluid density, you get absolute viscosity.

Kinematic Viscosity Vs Dynamic Viscosity

Kinematic viscosity is expressed as the ratio of fluid dynamic viscosity to its density. The unit of measurement of kinematic viscosity is m2s-1. Any two different fluids can have the same dynamic viscosity but will never have the same kinematic viscosity because of the density difference.

What Is Viscosity?

The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of “thickness”: for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. Viscosity is defined scientifically as a force multiplied by a time divided by an area.

What Is Dynamic Viscosity?

Dynamic viscosity is the resistance to movement of one layer of a fluid over another. The unit of dynamic viscosity is Pa s. Usually, it is measured in centipoise (cP). Kinematic viscosity is expressed as the ratio of fluid dynamic viscosity to its density.

What Is Absolute Viscosity?

Definitions of absolute viscosity. a measure of the resistance to flow of a fluid under an applied force. synonyms: coefficient of viscosity, dynamic viscosity. type of: coefficient. a constant number that serves as a measure of some property or characteristic.

What Is the Unit of Dynamic Viscosity?

Dynamic viscosity: The SI physical unit of dynamic viscosity (μ) is the Pascal-second (Pa s), which is identical to 1 kg m. The physical unit for dynamic viscosity in the centimeter gram second system of units (cgs) is the poise (P), named after Jean Poiseuille.

What Is Dynamic Viscosity and Kinematic Viscosity?

Dynamic viscosity is the resistance to movement of one layer of a fluid over another. The unit of dynamic viscosity is Pa s. Usually, it is measured in centipoise (cP). Kinematic viscosity is expressed as the ratio of fluid dynamic viscosity to its density. The unit of measurement of kinematic viscosity is m2s-1.

What Is Kinematic Viscosity?

Kinematic viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s internal resistance to flow under gravitational forces. It is determined by measuring the time in seconds, required for a fixed volume of fluid to flow a known distance by gravity through a capillary within a calibrated viscometer at a closely controlled temperature.

What Is the Difference Between Kinematic and Dynamic Viscosity?

Kinematic viscosity incorporates fluid density as part of its measurement. Thus, dynamic viscosity is a measure of force, while kinematic viscosity is a measure of velocity. That’s the difference. If you divide kinematic viscosity by the fluid density, you get absolute viscosity.

Dynamic Viscosity

Dynamic viscosity (internal friction coefficient)

The dynamic viscosity η (η = “eta”) is a measure of the viscosity of a fluid (fluid: liquid, flowing substance). The higher the viscosity, the thicker (less liquid) the fluid; the lower the viscosity, the thinner (more liquid) it is.

Dynamic Vs Kinematic Viscosity Units

Dynamic viscosity units are well established mPa-s in SI units or the equivalent cP (centipoises) in CGS. On the other hand, most common kinematic viscosity units are cm2/s in SI units and cSt (centistokes) in CGS, but it is also measured in a number of arbitrary units depending on the industry or application.

Kinematic Viscosity and Dynamic Viscosity Formula

Density actually provides a way to convert between a kinematic and a dynamic viscosity measurement. The formula for the conversion is: Kinematic (cSt) x Density = Dynamic (cP) Dynamic (cP) / Density = Kinematic (cSt)

Dynamic Viscosity Formula

η = F.
dv/dx is the velocity gradient between two layers of liquid, F is the viscous force, and. A is the surface area.

Dynamic Viscosity Units

Dynamic viscosity is typically measured in units such as:

  • Pascal-seconds (Pa·s)
  • Poise (P)
  • Centipoise (cP)

Dynamic Viscosity of Water

The dynamic viscosity of water at 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit) is approximately 0.001002 Pascal-seconds (Pa·s) or 1.002 centipoise (cP). This value can vary slightly with changes in temperature and pressure.

Dynamic Viscosity Symbol

μ
The symbol of dynamic viscosity is μ. This represents the ratio between dynamic viscosities to density. This represents the ratio between shear stress to shear strain. It is utilized when inertia and viscous force are dominant.

Dynamic Viscosity Formula and Unit

The units of dynamic viscosity are: Force / area x time The Pascal unit (Pa) is used to describe pressure or stress = force per area This unit can be combined with time (sec) to define dynamic viscosity. Pa•s for use in calculations. /s for use in calculations.

Kinematic Viscosity Unit

square meters per second
The SI unit for kinematic viscosity is square meters per second (m2/s). However, due to the viscosity values of most common fluids, square centimeters per second (cm2/s) is used more often. Note that 1 cm2/s is equivalent to 100 cSt.

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